Comprehensive genomic analysis of single MYB histone (SMH) genes in Helianthus annuus and Arabidopsis thaliana: Evolutionary insights and functional divergence Narasimhaiah Ramakrishnaiah Thippenahalli*, Sudarshan Surendra Adagur Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, M S Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India *E-mail: ramakrishnaiahtn@gmail.com
Online published on 17 October, 2024. Abstract Genome-wide comprehensive analysis of the Single Myb Histone (SMH) gene family in Helianthus annuus was carried out using Arabidopsis thalianaas areference genome (designated ASMH1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). This analysis aims to establish the evolutionary relationship between the SMH genes of Helianthus annuus and Arabidopsis thaliana. Comparison of the gene structure, protein domains, and expression patterns of SMH genes between the two species has been given in present paper. Five members of the SMH gene in the Helianthus annuus family were identified and named as HASMH1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. HASMH genes were divided into four gene clusters according to the phylogenetic analysis with ASMH genes, which showed that three HASMH genes (HASMH1, 3, and 4) are homologousto ASMH genes, suggesting a shared function between the two species. In contrast, HASMH2 suggests functional divergence. Gene structural analysis revealed that HASMH6 had eleven exons (1-9) and fewer introns, while HASMH4 had fewer introns than other clade members, suggesting differential gene regulation and expression. According to motif analysis, all five genes share an SMH motif, which was found in all five gene members. According to the study, Helianthus annuus has a varied gene organisation and functional similarities to its orthologous genes, indicating that the two species may have shared an ancestor and undergone evolutionary changes. In this study, evolution and potential functions of the SMH genes in Helianthus annuus and Arabidopsis thaliana SMH genes have boon explored. Thus, this study lays the groundwork for future Helianthus annuus SMH transcription factor family research and provides a useful reference for other crops. Top Keywords Single Myb Histone (SMH) genes, Genome wide expression, Helianthus annuus, Evolutionary relationship, Gene structure, Protein domains, Phylogenetic analysis, SMH motif, SMH transcription factor family, Sunflower family. Top |