An overview on traumatic brain injuries

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may manifest itself in a variety of ways, ranging from minor changes in awareness to a permanent vegetative condition and death. In the most severe form of TBI, a diffuse kind of damage and edema affects the whole brain. Treatment options range from regular cognitive therapy sessions to drastic surgery such as bilateral decompressive craniectomies, depending on the degree of the damage. Guidelines for the best treatment of TBI have been established, but they must be considered in the context of the situation and cannot be used in every case. We have described the present state of TBI therapy in clinical practice and fundamental research in this review paper. We have included a short review of the different subtypes of traumatic injuries, optimum medical treatment, noninvasive and invasive monitoring methods, as well as surgical procedures that may be required in certain cases. We've reviewed the most significant advances in fundamental research in the quest for TBI treatment methods. From an experimental standpoint, we've also addressed the future path of TBI therapy development.