1Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mhow Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, (M.P.)
2M.V.Sc. Scholar, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mhow Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, (M.P.)
3Professor, Department of Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mhow Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, (M.P.)
4Professor, Deptt. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, G.B.P.U.A.T., Pantnagar
A nanoparticle is defined as a small object or particle that behaves as a whole unit in terms of its transport and properties. Nanotechnology takes advantage of the fact that when a solid material becomes very small the surface area increases, which leads to an increase in the surface reactivity and quantum-related effects. The physical and chemical properties of nanomaterial can become very different from those of the same material in larger bulk form and nanoparticles are the particles that have at least one dimension in the, range of 1 to 100 nm. Among the different nanosilver preparations, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are made up of 20 - 15,000 silver atoms, generally range from 1 to 100 nm in diameter and present in one dimension. Various methods have been used to synthesize silver nanoparticles viz. physical, chemical and biological. Silver has been used as an antimicrobial agent for centuries. For example, the Phoenicians used silver vessels to preserve water and wine during their long voyages. In addition, ancient Egyptians believed that silver powder provided beneficial healing and anti-disease properties, thus silver compounds were used for prohibiting wound infection prior to antibiotics. In 1884, German obstetrician Crede introduced 1% silver nitrate (AgNO3) as an eye solution for prevention of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, which is most likely the first scientifically documented medical use of silver. In modern society, topically used silver sulfadiazine cream is the standard antibacterial treatment for serious burn wounds and is still widely used in burn units today. Due to their unique properties, AgNPs have been used extensively in health care industrysuch as wound dressings,catheters, cancer treatment, food storage, environmental and biomedical application.
Silver nanoparticles, Synthesis, Application, Antibacterial activity
