A comprehensive review on chitosan biopolymer of crab shell: Unveiling its potential usage as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic materials

The widespread reliance on synthetic plastics and the associated environmental concerns have intensified interest in biopolymers as sustainable alternatives. Among the different classes of bioplastics, chitosan has gained considerable attention due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxic nature, and intrinsic antimicrobial activity. These unique characteristics, together with its ability to undergo chemical modification, make chitosan highly versatile for diverse applications, ranging from food packaging to biomedical devices. This review highlights the sources, extraction techniques, and physicochemical properties of chitosan-based polymers, with particular emphasis on their use in wound healing, drug delivery, and water purification. Furthermore, it addresses the current challenges in large-scale production, including the need for cost-effective extraction methods, improvement of mechanical properties, and technological innovations required to meet modern industrial demands. By consolidating these insights, the review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive perspective on the potential of chitosan biopolymers across multiple sectors.