Development of thermoregulating material using bio-based phase change material and bamboo nonwoven fabric

The increasing demand for sustainable functional textiles has accelerated the exploration of bio-based alternatives to conventional synthetic thermoregulating materials. The present study focused on the fabrication of an eco-friendly thermoregulating material bio-based phase change materials (PCMs) derived from kokum wax and stearic acid integrated with bamboo nonwoven fabric through a lamination technique. A PCM blend in the ratio of 40:60 (kokum wax : stearic acid) was prepared and applied onto needle punched bamboo non-woven material, followed by encapsulation using a microporous film to minimize leakage while preserving breathability. The developed multilayer composite was evaluated for thermal conductivity, tensile strength, air permeability, absorbency, pH, and temperature regulation performance using standardized test methods. The results revealed superior thermal insulation properties of the developed material, with a temperature retention difference of 3°C compared to 1°C in the commercial samples. The material also demonstrated adequate tensile strength (70.9 N), high air permeability (92 cm³cm^-2 s^-1), and skin-compatible pH (6.9). The findings established the feasibility of utilizing kokum wax-based bio-PCMs in sustainable thermoregulating textiles and highlighted their potential for smart textile applications.