Risk factors of formation of congenital heart diseases

The authors conducted investigation to study the influence of risk factors on the frequency and structure of congenital heart defects of children in the Bukhara region. It has been established that the frequency of CHD is 4.72 cases for every 1000 births, 4 times more common in children living in rural conditions. Analysis by cities and districts of the Bukhara region showed that CHD is more common in industrialized regions of the region. Consequently, there is a high rate of a trend towards an increase in the birth rate and mortality of children with CHD. The fact, established about the high mortality rate of children under 5 years old without surgical correction, proves the need for timely surgical treatment of viable children in the first year of life. Among the significant factors determining the indicators of morbidity and mortality of the population is congenital developmental pathology (CDP), which is a serious medical and social problem. Significant differences in the incidence of CDP, including their individual forms, in different regions, even within the same state, depend on historical, ethnic, demographic, environmental and other factors. The cause of many congenital malformations remains unknown. This group of defects includes predominantly rarely occurring congenital malformations due to chromosome disorders. Cases of CHD with chromosomal syndromes are up to 4%. Various variants of CHD are characteristic of such chromosomal syndromes as Down syndrome, Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, Patau and Edwards's syndrome. It should be noted that in the period under consideration in Bukhara, children with CHD in different numbers were born annually. However, on average, 167.6 cases of birth of newborns with CHD are registered annually.