The impact of climate change on Nepalese agriculture

Climate change is caused by the exponential increase of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Agriculture, biodiversity, forestry, people's health, snow cover, and aquatic and mountainous ecosystems all suffer as a result. Climate changes such as temperature, solar radiation, or precipitation have the ability to affect agricultural output. Despite many attempts to mitigate the effects of climate change, Nepalese agriculture continues to face challenges. The nation saw a 1.8° C increase in temperature from 1975 to 2006, with an average of 0.06°C/yea. Climate change has caused Nepal to suffer regular droughts, catastrophic floods, landslides, and a variety of impacts on agricultural products. According to a study conducted at Khumaltar on CO2 enrichment technology, rice and wheat yields rose by 26.6 percent and 18.4 percent, respectively, owing to double CO2, 17.1 percent and 8.6 percent due to temperature rise. A crop simulation model used to investigate the impacts of CO2, temperature, and rain on rice and wheat yields in NARC found a favourable effect in all areas, but a negative effect in maize, particularly in Terai. In Nepalese agriculture, the time has come for authorities to devise adaptive strategies to minimize the impacts of recent unpredictable weather patterns in order to prevent incalculable natural catastrophes and sufferings.