Typology of parts of speech and content of grammatical categories in two languages

The article gives us information about some categories of Russian language and compare them with English ones. The case category, the number category and the gender category is described and compared. It is almost generally accepted that there is a class of nouns that have two case forms, the Nominative and the possessive, which are formed by the morpheme ‘s. These are the class of animate nouns and nouns of the semantic field ‘time’. So, for example, in Finnish, where the number of cases of nouns is 14, there are very few prepositions. In English, on the other hand, with its limited system of cases, the number of prepositions is considerable. The category of certainty - indefiniteness. In many western European languages and some oriental languages, the noun system is characterised by definiteness - indefiniteness. This noun category has its own morphological form. Most often it is expressed by an article, as in English, German and French.