Economics of rice production under different crop establishment methods with integrated nutrient management in the coastal zone of Andhra Pradesh, India

A Field study was conducted to analyze the production economics and factors contributing to the profitability of rice production at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh, India during kharif seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 under different rice establishment methods with different nutrient management practices. The results showed that the highest net returns, B : C ratio and profitability were recorded in conventional tillage (T₄) (62889 and 65505 ha^-1, 1.39 and 1.41% and 449.21 and 467.90 ha^-1 day^-1 during kharif seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 respectively) and dry seeding on puddled soil (T₁) (62773 and 64708 ha^-1, 1.40 and 1.40% and 448.38 and 462.20 ha^-1 day^-1) in different crop establishment methods. Lowest valves were observed with minimum tillage (T₃) (45603 and 48375 ha^-1, 1.09 and 1.12% and 325.73 and 345.53 ha^-1 day^-1). Among nutrient management treatments, 50% STBN through fertilizer + 50% N through cured poultry manure (N₅) (70167 and 72706 ha^-1, 1.66 and 1.67% and 501.20 and 519.33 ha^-1 day^-1) and 75% STBN through fertilizer + 25% N through cured poultry manure (N₄) (66385 and 69030 ha^-1, 1.56 and 1.57% and 474.18 and 493.07 ha^-1 day^-1) were recorded with highest net returns, B : C ratio and profitability during kharif seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 respectively. The lowest net returns, B : C ratio and profitability values were observed with 50% STBN through fertilizer + 50% N through FYM (N₃) (49145 and 51766 ha^-1, 1.02 and 1.04% and 351.04 and 369.75 ha^-1 day^-1) during kharif seasons of 201920 and 2020–21 respectively.