How to combat white spot lesion in orthodonticcases-review study

All over the world fixed orthodontic cases face a common problem -enamel hypoplasia that is white spot lesion. It can be remineralised by brushing with fluoridated toothpaste, fluoride mouth rinses and topical application of fluoride gel/foam. Efficiency of remineralisation is enhanced with daily usage of 0.05%(225ppm) sodium fluoride or 0.2% (900ppm) weekly; or with 0.4%Stannous Fluoride gel. But Stannous Fluoride stains the enamel. Enamel can also be remineralised with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate(CCP-ACP). Remineralised white spot lesion can be bleached to mask the colour and can be microabraded followed by bleaching leaving a highly polished surface with calcium phosphate packed into the interprismatic enamel surface area.