Dynamics and sustainability of livestock sector in Jammu & Kashmir^§

The changing profile of livestock sector in relation with its sustainability has been studied in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. The share of each region in major livestock has shown a significant change during the decade of 1992-2003, though variation in concentration of different livestock species across different regions is clearly visible. Increase in proportion of some species and decrease in others in the state seem to have influenced the speed of intensification across different regions. The livestock intensity has either exhibited an increasing trend, as in the Jammu Region or has remained static as in the Ladakh Region or has declined as in the Kashmir Region, from 1992 to 2003. The estimates of coefficient of variation in the adoption of cross-bred animals/birds have indicated the scope for improving animal productivity through increase in adoption of cross-bred/improved animals. The study has suggested a need to increase meat production, especially of mutton and white meat in view of their rising demand. The coefficients of correlation have revealed higher dependence of livestock, especially small ruminants on the geographical area (excluding net area sown) and this interaction may have serious ecological implications if not addressed properly. Besides, the available common property resources (CPRs) in the state being meagre to sustain its whole livestock population, concerted efforts have to be made to arrest their deterioration through legal, social and institutional means. Considering sustainability and food security issues, the study has emphasized on an appropriate livestock mix and increasing animal productivity through scientific management for the overall social benefits from this sector. In addition, budgetary allocations to research in this sector should be enhanced to evolve innovative production technologies leading to improved animal production efficiency.