Change in Cropping Pattern and Displacement of the Female in Kerala

This paper has analysed the female work participation rate in the agricultural sector for the districts of Kerala and has attempted to find answer to the questions like (i) Does the cropping pattern have an influence on the female agricultural workers, i.e. is there any relation between the female agricultural workers and the area under food crops? And (ii) What are the elements that have contributed to the decline in female work participation in the agricultural sector? The analysis has revealed that the decline in farm work participation of the female has been mainly due to the structural changes taking place in the agricultural sector. During the period 1981-2001, the economic factor was mainly responsible for the decline, followed by displacement and demographic factors. The study has suggested that structural changes in the cropping pattern from annual crops to perennial crops and technological choices should consider the social and economic impact upon both the males and the females. A differential impact upon the male and female can lead to serious imbalances between their socio-economic status and potential for development. Considering the weaker position of the female agricultural workers in possessing other income-earning skills and ability to find alternate employment, the study has revealed the importance of rural employment guarantee programmes in the wake of the displacement of the female from the agricultural sector. Agricultural policies should take into account their impact on the female agricultural workers whose income is an important source of livelihood for the family.