Changing trends, impact and factors responsible for the change: a case study of the marginal tribes at Adhaura block of Kaimur district in Bihar

To find out the changes in the variety, productivity, yield, income and expenditure of crops, animal husbandry, forest produce wages and migration, a case study was conducted at 20 randomly selected villages (200 marginal tribal households, each village 10 households) of Adhaura block in Kaimur district of Bihar in three segments (times)-2001, 2010 and 2018. The impact of each contributing factor was also assessed. The factors that contributed the most were education through trainings, demonstrations, exposure visits, agricultural fairs and exhibitions; high yielding varieties, plant protection and a balanced dose of fertilizers; and information from relatives, friends, the radio, newspapers and mobile phones.