Structure, vulnerabilities and policy for fish seed supply system in India

Fish seed as a primary input determines the pace of aquaculture development. Traditionally, the fish seed was sourced from natural water bodies, and farmers faced several constraints like the mixed and ununiformed seed of non-targeted species, and uncertain supplies. The development of induced breeding technologies enabled the establishment of large numbers of hatcheries. Since then, remarkable growth has taken place in seed production. Yet, the seed sector suffers from several vulnerabilities like excessive centralisation, seasonal dependence, price fluctuations, and climate shocks. This paper suggests measures to improve governance and reduce vulnerabilities in creating a more resilient and efficient fish seed supply chain.