Livelihood sustainability through landscape planning for rainfed farming system

The research was conducted in a cluster of villages of the Bastar region of central India. The region is rainfed. The most important issue was lack of technical knowledge (98.24%) followed by upland utilization (97.06%), drought or moisture stress (96.48%) and marketing (96.42%). The rice-based double cropping system under gabhar situation with conventional tillage (2 passes of the country plough and sowing of seed) for field pea recorded higher yield (1823 kg/ha), net returns (Rs. 63812/ha), B: C ratio (3.48) and RWUE (3.41). Whereas, manual removal of weeds at 25 DAS was found to be effective in reducing weeds with significant grain yield (5390.58 kg/ha) consuming energy 314.09 MJ/ha. Sowing of ragi in between fruit plantation was recorded higher yield of 1912.03 kg/ha, 8088.54 Rs/ha net return, B:C ratio (1.62) along with2.59 rainwater use efficiency.