How vulnerable is Punjab agriculture to climate change? A district-level analysis

The study analysed the vulnerability index of 22 districts of Punjab state at four different points of time i.e., 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. The uneven weight approach of Iyengar and Sudershan is used to calculate the vulnerability index, which is the sum of exposure and sensitivity minus adaptive capacity. The mapping of vulnerability index provides a wider approach to understand its dynamics across space and time. The results revealed that SBS Nagar (1.51) as the most climate-vulnerable district, whereas Jalandhar the least (0.27). The study also indicated that adaptive capacity is less dominant than exposure and sensitivity, indicating that adaptive capacity lessens vulnerability. The vulnerability has also decreased due to dissemination of climate-resilient technologies.