Status of Pelleting Technology for Integrated Aquaculture and Livestock Feed

The pellet production technology for livestock feeding has industrial application in all regions. However, on the other hand for encouragement of integrated aquacultural activities on commercial or subsistence level, only sinking feed can be produced by livestock pelleted feed mill. Presently, for floating and slow sinking feed use of extruded technology are only available options. Though, the technology has performed superiority edge over pelleting due to physical and nutritional quality standardization. However, extruded feed production is costly, energy intensive and complex to produce. Hence, a multipurpose pellet mill design is to be conceptualized and modification / refinement in existing pelleting technology of livestock feeding is envisaged to facilitate multitasking adoption of the pellet mill machine. In addition to the changes in the design of the pellet die with respect to design of hole configuration and changes in pellet size, moisture content as well as addition of starchy ingredient / floating catalyst may be analysed. These changes may induce floating characteristics in the ejected (pellet) material. The paper therefore, reviews the current status, drawbacks and possible remedial prospects through design modification and changes in composition of feed ingredients to improve the performance of pelleting technology for sustainability / profitability of Integrated Aquaculture and Livestock production.