Optimizing Nitrogen Levels for Enhanced Growth and Oil Production in Ocimum spp.

This study examines the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer doses (0,50,100, and 150 kg N/ha) on the herbage yield and essential oil content of three Ocimum species (Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum basilicum, and Ocimum americanum) under controlled net house conditions. A factorial randomized block design was employed, and nitrogen was applied in the form of urea. The plants were evaluated for fresh herbage yield and essential oil content after 90 days of transplantation, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA.

The results revealed a significant positive correlation between nitrogen application and both fresh herbage yield and essential oil content. The highest yield (59.18 g) and oil content (17.49 %) were recorded at 150kg N/ha, particularly in O. americanum. The ratoon crop exhibited a similar trend, with the best response observed at 150 kg N/ ha for herbage yield and 100kg N/ ha for essential oil content. While nitrogen application enhanced productivity, excessive nitrogen beyond optimal levels could lead to soil degradation and reduced efficiency in nutrient uptake. This study underscores the importance of balanced nitrogen management in medicinal plant cultivation. The findings suggest that 100-150 kg N/ha is optimal for maximizing both herbage yield and essential oil content. Future research should investigate long-term soil health impacts and nitrogen use efficiency under different agronomic conditions to establish sustainable cultivation practices for Ocimum species.