Effect of gamma radiation in M₁ generation studies, viable and frequency chlorophyll mutation in M generation of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

In the present investigation the seeds of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) were treated with different class of gamma radiation viz., (dry control) 05 kR, 10 kR, 15 kR, 20 kR, 30 kR, 35 kR, 40 kR, (dry Seeds) and presoaked seeds of the same was reposed to (wet control) 05 kR, 10 kR, 15 kR, 20 kR, (kilo Roentgen) for study seed germination, plant survival, seedling height, and pollen sterility of plants at 30–55^th days. The seed germination percentage was decreased with increased in the doses when composed to control. The LD₅₀ (Lethal dose) value was determined based upon the seed germination percentage. The fifty percentages of seed germination and rendition was absorbed in 30kR to 35kR dry of gamma rays and it is considered as LD₅₀ value for the treatments. Each M₁ plant was harvested separately and desirable M₁ individual plant progeny rows were laid in Randomized Block Design for raising M₂ germination. In general the mutation frequency was high an M₁ plant basis than M₂ plant for both the mutagens. The spectrumal chlorophyll mutants (Albina, Chlorina, Xantha and Viridis) and viable mutants (leaf types, Pod types, flowering type and plant height (extreme tall and dwarf) were absorbed in M₂ germination. The highest frequency of induced viable and chlorophyll mutations (4.878%) and (3.415%) was reported in the 40kR dry seeds. These studies were broadly aimed at understanding the process of mutation, testing the efficiency of various mutagens, identifying optimum dose of treatments, isolation of mutants of basic and applied value, eliciting the biological effects, frequency of induce viable and chlorophyll mutations of gamma rays.