Improved plant tolerance to biotic stress for agronomic management

Plants are constantly being challenged with a series of biotic stresses in the environment they grow and multiply. Such biotic stress is caused byanumber of Bacteria, Fungi, Insects, Nematodes, Protists, Viruses, Viroids and Weeds. Consequently, this leads to changes/alterations on plant’s physiology and have multifaceted effect on molecular and cellular adaptations. When the talk is for crop species, it finally hinders the productivity/yield, in the long run it affects the poor farmers livelihood and have a clear impact on country’s economy. In this chapter we discuss the various biotic stresses, their effect on plant growth and the counter result of crop plantsshowing resistance/ response/tolerance to such stresseshaving a clear insight foradaptive agronomic management.