Biocompatible nanomaterials: A review on chemistry and use of graphene oxide in biosensing devices

Biocompatible nanomaterials are used to replace or applied directly instead of natural materials to function or contact with the living systems. High degree of biocompatibility is achieved when a material interacts with the body without inducing unacceptable toxic, immunogenic, thermobogenic, and carcinogenic responses. Most nanoscaled materials are biocompatible, which permits them to act in direct contact with the environment as carriers of biological recognition elements for obtaining lower and lower detection limit. Carbon materials have received great attention in the last decades with the emergence of nanoscience area. The utilization of carbon nanomaterials also possibilities the increase on charge transfer in bioelectrochemical devices. These include the modification of electrodes with several kinds of carbon at nanometer range carbon powder, carbon nanotubes, graphene sheets and carbon capsules.