A Hidden Treasure: Contribution of Genome towards the Fast-Changing Dentistry

Life is specified by genomes. A genome contains all the biological information needed to build and maintain an organism. The mapping of human genes is a crucial step in the development of various aspects of healthcare, including dentistry. The human genome project has recently opened immense opportunities for transformation of basic science discoveries to oral healthcare at the chair side through clinical research. Education and training of the oral health professionals about the new discovery, its clinical utilisation and improving standards of oral healthcare have not received adequate attention until recently. Genome helps us to administer genetic tests that can reveal the aetiology of oral diseases, including cancer. The mapping of the genomes of hundreds of bacterial species that live within the biofilms on the tooth surfaces, dental implant surfaces and beyond has been accomplished. These human and microbial genomic databases are now the ‘new frontiers’ for individualised drug discovery and innovations for targeted drug delivery. The advancements in genetic research include the ability to one day grow teeth, engineer salivary gland tissues and conduct gene therapy to reduce oral diseases. To unravel the use of genomes in dentistry, this review aimed to summarise its implications in Dentistry.