A Cross-Sectional Study of Sphenoid Sinus as Part of Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach to Pituitary Adenoma

Background and objectives: Sphenoid sinus (SS) has got importance due to trans-sphenoid approach to the pituitary gland. The aim of this study was to describe the variations in SS and to estimate its measurements as part of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to pituitary adenoma. Methods: This study was carried out in 40 cadaver heads which was sectioned in the sagittal plane to confirm the anatomical findings and to take the necessary measurements with a standardised digital LCD-equipped caliper. Results: The sphenoid pneumatisation, the pre-sellar type was found in 20 cadavers, sellar type in 15 cadavers, post-sellar type in 4 cadavers and conchal type in only 1 cadaver. The average measurements findings: thickness of anterior wall was. 32 cm, posterior wall was. 20 cm and the cavity was 1.71 cm. Number of septa findings were 1 septum in 13 cadavers, 2 septa in 11 cadavers, 3 septa in 11 cadavers and 4 septa in 5 cadavers. Conclusion: The SS shows various types of pneumatisation and number of septa. Its small measurements put it in close proximity to the pituitary gland and the sellar region as general.