The role of expert power and reference power in leadership effectiveness in islamic management and common scientific management

There are different theories about leadership, Mitenzberg has known it as one of the mutual role of manager.Desler believes there are two dimensions for management, with behavioral dimension which is leadership and non-behavioral which is organizational planning and control.Heresi and Belanchard has known leadership as some thing beyondmanagement. whatever leadership is, it is really connected to power.Powere has many foundations which could be categorized into two categories:

The power which is originated from organizational post and the power which originates from the person himself as a human being.

The fundamentals of organizational power are: legitimate power, rewarding power, tolerance power, information power and personal mpower, logical persuasiveness power, expert power, Carismatic power, and reference Power.

According to the kind of power, which is in leadership, leadership has categorized into successful leadership, which originates from directing power and the kind of leadership, which originates from personal power. One of the effective leadership models is the three-dimensional leader effectiveness model, which is derived by Hersey and Blanchard from Redin's 3-D management style theory.

Hersey and Blanchard in this model has only used the leader-follower variable from Fiedler's leadership contingency model which has three variables of leader-follower, structure of duty and rank power variables. They believe that each one of these styles of leadership could be effective if the followers evaluate it as an effective one and could be non-effective if the followers do not evaluate it. However, Heresy and Blanchard did not say how the positive judgment of the followers comes into being.

The writer of this article believes, the reason of the positive view of the staff is leadership and agreeability originates from expert power and reference power and personal power. The clues to prove it are from Islamic tradition and Shia Imams’ mannerism and compared with some current managers of today's world.