Using electrochemical separation and degradation methods, water contamination caused by pharmaceutical residues may be remedied

Due to substantial improvements in electrode materials and connection with low-cost renewable energy sources, cleansing and disinfection of waterways using direct or integrated electrochemical processes has become a highly attractive option in recent years. Many electrochemical methods are now available for the treatment of waterways polluted with refractory organic pollutants, such as pharmaceutical micropollutants, which have become a significant environmental problem. Recent studies have looked at how other key techniques, such as ozonation and sophisticated oxidation processes, may help remove pharmaceutical residues. The electrochemical techniques developed for the treatment of pharmaceutical residues from both synthetic solutions and actual pharmaceutical wastewaters are discussed here. The first step is to introduce electrochemical separation technologies such as membrane technologies, electrocoagulation, and internal micro-electrolysis, which exclusively separate contaminants from water. Anodic oxidation, electro-oxidation with active chlorine, electro-Fenton, photoelectro-Fenton, and photoelectrocatalysis, among other methods, are explored further. The potential solar photoelectro-Fenton method invented and further developed in our laboratory is emphasized and described in particular. The comparison of various techniques and materials allows for the decrease of total organic carbon or the reduction of chemical oxygen demand from polluted waters. The breakdown pathways for certain medicines are also discussed.