*D.Sc. (History), Deputy Director for Scientific Affairs, Abu RayhanBiruni Institute of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan
Online Published on 03 January, 2022.
Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (973–1048), an encyclopedic scholar from Khorezm, was engaged in almost all the exact and natural sciences known in his time and wrote about 150 works on them.However, based on the views expressed by the scientist in his works “India” and “Mineralogy”, his attitude to chemistry was assessed negatively. Although al-Biruni sharply criticized the alchemists’ idea of metal transmutation, in his scientific practice he used substances, instruments, and experimental methods used in chemical laboratories, i.e., a rational approach to the alchemy of his time.
Khorezm, Al-Biruni, “Mineralogy”, “Kitab Al-Jamahir Fi Ma'rifat Al-Jawahir”, Alchemy, Transmutation of Metals, Synthetic Gold, Synthetic Silver, “Pharmacognosy”
