Cardiovascular effects of air pollution: A review

Particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants like nitrogen dioxide and ozone make up air pollution. Coarse particles (PM 10), fine particles (PM 2.5), and ultrafne particles (PM 100) are the three sizes of PM. We want to offer a unique overview of the scientific data from epidemiological and experimental research looking at the impact of outdoor air pollution on the cardiovascular system. According to a meta-analysis of epidemiological research, a 10g/m3 increase in long-term PM 2.5 exposure was linked to an 11% increase in cardiovascular death. Long-term and short-term nitrogen dioxide exposure were both linked to an increase in cardiovascular mortality. As shown by early aortic and coronary calcification, exposure to air pollution and road traffic was linked to an elevated risk of arteriosclerosis. Increases in air pollution were linked to an increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and acute heart failure in the short term. Even when pollutant concentrations were below European limits, the danger was raised. Numerous experimental investigations have shown that air pollution induces a systemic vascular oxidative stress response, corroborating the findings from epidemiological studies.