Challenges in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a rising cause of cancer-related mortality, although survival rates have remained low over the past several decades. Pancreatic cancer biology, difficulties in early detection, and the absence of defined worldwide standards in evaluating suspected pancreatic masses are all factors that contribute to its high death rate. The purpose of this review is to give an update on the present status of pancreatic cancer diagnosis as well as to assess the advantages and limits of existing diagnostic technologies. Imaging using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasonography, and positron emission tomography, as well as tissue acquisition by tiny needle aspiration, are the primary modalities addressed. We also discuss advancements in tissue collection methods and the potential for customized cancer treatment. Screening of high-risk people, potential biomarkers, and frequent mimickers of pancreatic cancer are also discussed, as well as future research paths that may lead to early pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Pancreatic cancer detection that is timely or accurate may help to improve the disease's present dismal prognosis.