Linguistic and historical analysis of the names of afrighid rulers in Al-biruni's works

This article investigates the linguistic and historical significance of Afrighid dynasty rulers within the Khorezm region, utilizing Al-Biruni's "Chronology" as a central primary source. It employs a multifaceted framework encompassing primary source analysis, a critical literature review, comprehensive linguistic analysis, and in-depth historical analysis. The research elucidates the linguistic and cultural origins of the rulers’ names, illuminating the multifaceted influences - including Persian, Turkic, and potentially other regional languages - that shaped this dynasty's reign from 305 to 995 AD.