Etiology and symptoms of disorders of vitamin and mineral metabolism in cows in the conditions of the aral sea region

The article presents the main etiological factors of vitamin-mineral metabolism in stale dry and fresh cows of the red-steppe breed in the conditions of the Aral Sea region. In connection with the ecological disaster in the Aral Sea basin there was a strong salinization of the soil, which led to a disruption of the biotic circulation of microelements. Therefore, a more concrete scientifically based approach to the diagnosis and prevention of metabolic diseases in animals is required. In the farms of the Khorezm region in the winter and early spring periods of the year, a significant deficit (up to 38, 8%) of carbohydrates, carotene-up to 69, 4%, phosphorus-up to 31, 34%, a lack of trace elements, including copper-up to 7, 0%, zinc-up to 9, 47%, manganese-up to 9, 05%, iodine-up to 28, 55%, disbalance between phosphorus and calcium (1: 3) at a rate of 1: 1, 5–2, sugar to protein (0.41: 1) at a rate of 0.8: 1. Clinical signs such as ruffled hair coat, reduced hair shine, dry skin, perversion of appetite characteristic of copper deficiency, infertility and impaired reproductive ability of cows in the form of lengthening the service period, frequent cases of weak contractions and attempts, detainment of the afterbirth and the birth of calves of hypotrophic in the absence of zinc and iodine in the body of cows is diagnosed in the third period of pregnancy especially during the winter season. During this period of the year, the smallest number of infusorians (626, 0 ± 17, 0 thousand/ml) and the amount of VFA in scar tissue (8, 45 ± 0, 48 mmol/100 ml) were determined as compared with other seasons of the year.