The process of forming political parties (historical analysis)

The article is devoted to a brief analysis of the history of the formation of political parties as a social phenomenon that arose with the appearance of the first political organizations in ancient times in the history of mankind. In particular, it examines aristocratic groups formed in ancient states, protoparty groups in ancient Greece, the activities of populations and optimists in ancient Rome, Confucian groups at the palaces of Chinese emperors, the processes of separation of the madhhabs in Islam. Also, based on historical examples, political groups are analyzed at the palaces of the Khorezmid dynasties, Temurids, Bukhara emirs, as well as the first party groups in medieval Italy and England. The article analyzes the place of interest groups and political parties in the formation civil society, the specifics of their activities and also explored the formation of political parties. Parties, being a structural element of the political system, an important institution of civil society, activate political life, establish links between different levels and branches of government. The full realization of this function of political parties depends on the existence of a rule of law state. The Confucianists were nominated for office, but were deprived of the positions they were seeking because of the success of their agents. These agents were often relatives of women in the imperial harem. This prompted the Confucians to unite and express public dissatisfaction with the ruler and to formulate a joint protest.