Effect of Maternal Diabetes on Fetus and Newborn

Pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus are significantly associated with an increased rate of congenital malformations and maternal health complications. Infants of mothers with diabetes are at great risk for several problems, especially if blood glucose levels are not controlled carefully, including birth defects, stillbirth, macrosomia, birth injury, hypoglycaemia and respiratory distress etc. The baby's treatment depends on how well blood sugar level is controlled in pregnancy during labour and delivery. Treatment is also depend on child's symptoms, age and general health. Expectant women can control gestational diabetes by eating healthy foods, exercising and if necessary taking medication. Controlling blood sugar can prevent a difficult birth and keep mother and baby healthy.