A review on chitosan nanoparticle as a drug delivery system

Chitosanis a characteristic polysaccharide arranged by the N-deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan arebiologically safe, biocompatible biodegradable, non-toxic polysaccharide. Chitosan nanoparticles carry more study in drug delivery system because it shows better stability, low toxicity, simple and mild preparation method and they include the various route of administration like oral, nasal, IV and ocular. Chitosan contain the various functional groups that can be adjust to achieve a specific goals and making it a polymer with a huge range of inherent applications. Nanoparticle are prepared with the chitosan and chitosan derivatives and they hold a positive surface charge and mucoadhesive properties such as that can adhere to mucus membranes and the drug released payload in a sustained release manner. Chitosan has itself many medicinal properties like antimicrobial, antioxidant, and low immunogenicity etc. Chitosan-based nanoparticle have attracted increasing attention for their wide application in non-parenteral drug delivery for the treatment of cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, pulmonary diseases, drug delivery to the brain and ocular infections. Chitosan have low toxicity both in vitro and some in vivo models. In evaluation of nanoparticles various parameters are used such as Drug Content / Drug entrapment, Particle Size, Zeta Potential, Surface Morphology, In-vitro release Study, Kinetic Study, and Stability of nanoparticles. In This review explores recent research on chitosan based nanoparticle for drug delivery, chitosan properties, and modification, toxicity, preparation, evaluation and application studies.