Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the major hormonal disorder in women mainly of reproductive age. PCOS is polygenic endrocine disorder characterized by chronic anovulation and excess ovarian activity the most common gynaecological endocrinopathy. PCOS is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and that women with PCOS are at increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The diagnosis and treatment of PCOS are not complicated, it only requires appropriate therapeutic approaches addressing hyperandrogenism and the judicious application of a well-standardized diagnostic methods. Menstrual cycle alteration is the one of the diagnosis criteria of PCOD. With reactivation of the GnRH pulse generator, increased gonadotropin secretion stimulates ovarian estrogen secretion and follicular development. Estrogen promotes uterine growth and endometrial proliferation; endometrial estrogen exposure eventually culminates in vaginal withdrawal bleeding and menarche. Ultrasonography evaluation of ovarian morphology might not be required for diagnosis in women already presenting with clinical evidence of hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction. To prevent multiple births and OHSS in patients with PCOS several modifications to IVF have been proposed, elective cryopreservation of all embryos and transfer in a subsequent frozen embryo transfer cycle after ovarian recovery, including in vitro maturation (IVM) of immature oocytes that are retrieved without gonadotropin stimula-tion. Treatment should be tailored to the need of the patient andinvolves, medication and potentially surgery for the prevention and management of excess weight, targeting metabolic abnormalities through lifestyle changes, androgen suppression and/or blockade, endometrial safety, reproductive therapy and the detection and treatment of psychological features.