Critical insights into polio vaccination: Balancing risks, benefits and future directions

This review examines the World Health Organization's efforts to eradicate poliovirus (PV) through the use of Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) and Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV). While OPV is effective in preventing disease and limiting transmission, it carries risks such as rare paralysis and the emergence of vaccine-derived strains. With Type 1 wild-type PV still a threat despite the eradication of Types 2 and 3, a strategic shift towards global IPV adoption is critical to eliminate these risks. The review highlights the challenges of vaccine development for immunocompromised individuals and explores the differing mechanisms, benefits, and drawbacks of IPV and OPV. It also addresses the complexities of vaccine manufacturing, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to support global eradication efforts. A comprehensive understanding of vaccination strategies is essential as the world moves towards a polio-free future.