Strategies for the Synthesis and Biological Screening of Thiazolidinone Derivatives

Thiazolidinone is a five member heterocyclic ring system with nitrogen and sulphur as the hetero atoms and a carbonyl group at 4^th position. It shows the broad spectrum activity against Gram positive, Gram negative and fungal organism. Beside the antibacterial and antifungal activity we also reviewed the antitubercular, antiinflammatory, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, analgesic, diuretic and antihyperglycemic activity of thiazolidinone. Substituting thiazolidinones with various substitutions perhaps in the minimum requirement for showing biological activities. Researchers have synthesized these thiazolidinone derivatives through different complex pathways. This review focus on different strategies followed for the convenient synthesis of thiazolidinone based heterocyclic derivatives. The steps include condensation followed by cyclization of Schiff's bases, either in one pot or in a step-wise manner under different conditions. Chloroacetyl chloride, mercaptoacetic acid, ethylchloroacetate and potassium thiocynate are the most common used reagents used for the synthesis of thiazolidinone with various heterocyclic compounds.