Pharmaceutico-analytical evaluation of Kushmanda Avaleha prepared as per Sharangadhara Samhita

Kushmanda Avaleha is a classical Ayurvedic Rasayana formulation described in the Sharangadhara Samhita, traditionally indicated in conditions such as Karshya (Emaciation), Raktapitta (Bleeding disorders), Kasa–Shwasa (Respiratory ailments), and general debility. Despite its well-documented therapeutic significance, scientific validation regarding its pharmaceutical and analytical standards has been limited. The present study aimed to prepare Kushmanda Avaleha as per the guidelines of Sharangadhara Samhita and to evaluate its pharmaceutical characteristics, organoleptic properties, and physicochemical parameters for establishing a comprehensive quality profile. The raw materials were procured from the NIA Pharmacy, Jaipur, and the formulation was prepared following the classical Avaleha Kalpana method. The process involved four main stages: preparation of Prakshepa Dravya, processing of Kushmanda pulp, Paka (Cooking) stage, and incorporation of Madhu (Honey) at a controlled temperature. Analytical evaluation was carried out in accordance with Ayurvedic Pharmacopeial procedures, which included determination of loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, extractive values, pH, sugar content, and total fat. The final yield obtained was 590 g of Kushmanda Avaleha from 4 kg of raw fruit, prepared over a duration of six hours. Organoleptic evaluation revealed that the formulation was brownish-black in color, sweet in taste, semisolid in consistency, and possessed a characteristic odor. The analytical parameters showed that the loss on drying was 15.42%, total ash 0.76%, acid-insoluble ash 0.11%, alcohol-soluble extractive 74.23%, water-soluble extractive 79.08%, pH 4.3, total sugar 73.83%, reducing sugar 68.23%, and total fat 4.91%. All these values were within acceptable limits for Avaleha formulations, indicating good quality and stability. In conclusion, Kushmanda Avaleha prepared by classical methodology demonstrated ideal pharmaceutical and analytical characteristics, confirming its stability, purity, and palatability. These findings substantiate the traditional claims of Kushmanda Avaleha as a potent Rasayana and Balya formulation beneficial in conditions of debility, respiratory disorders, and metabolic disturbances. However, further pharmacological and clinical studies are recommended to strengthen the evidence for its therapeutic efficacy and safety.