Current trends in modification of curcumin derivatives to improve drug delivery

Curcumin, derived from turmeric is a natural polyphenolic compound, due to its diverse pharmacological properties has received a great deal of attention in recent years. However, its poor bioavailability and stability have posed challenges for its clinical applications. Researchers have focused on synthesizing curcumin derivatives with improved properties to overcome these limitations. This review article provides an overview of various curcumin derivatives and their potential therapeutic applications. Due to the compound’s limited bioavailability from minimal absorption, rapid metabolisms, and systemic elimination, novel delivery techniques are needed. It has been shown that curcumin’s stability and bioavailability can be improved by encapsulating it in liposomes, nanoparticles, and cyclodextrins. We discuss the structural modifications, synthesis methods, and the impact of these modifications on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties of curcumin derivatives. Curcumin compounds with enhanced solubility, target specificity, and sustained release properties are a brilliant solution to overcome these issues. Furthermore, we highlight the promising therapeutic applications of these derivatives, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-microbial, and neuroprotective activities. Additionally, we address the challenges and future perspectives in developing curcumin derivatives for enhanced clinical efficacy.