Emerging and Established Methods for Acyclovir Quantification: A Detailed Review

Acyclovir (AVR), an antiviral drug often used to treat herpes simplex and varicella-zoster infections, necessitates precise and repeatable measurement for quality control, pharmacokinetic investigations, and therapeutic monitoring. This review examines both developing and known analytical approaches for determining AVR. Chromatography, spectrophotometry, electrochemical methods, and newer approaches, such as hyphenated and sensor-based methods, are critically evaluated as to sensitivity, accuracy, economical, and applicability across a wide range of dimensions. Analytical researchers often employ quality by design or design by expert techniques for improve method validation. Which make quick review that can help analysts select and validate the optimum analytical procedure. Recent innovations, such as nanotechnology-based sensors and green analytical techniques, are highlighted for their potential to improve detection capacities while also addressing environmental problems. The paper also looks at the limitations of established approaches and potential future paths for innovative analytical tools. This effort intends to help researchers and practitioners choose acceptable methodologies for AVR quantification, supporting improvements in antiviral medication analysis.