The Cottage Rose (Alcea rosea): A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review

Alcea rosea, commonly known as hollyhock, is a medicinal plant from the Malvaceae family, renowned for its ornamental and therapeutic properties. This article delves into the plant’s taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, traditional uses, pharmacognostical studies, and pharmacological activities. The plant exhibits distinct morphological features such as large lobed leaves, tall erect stems, and vibrant flowers, making it easily recognizable. Traditionally, Alcea rosea is utilized in Ayurveda, Unani, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to cure respiratory, digestive, skin ailments due to its demulcent, anti-inflammatory, and soothing properties. Pharmacognostical studies highlight the plant’s microscopic and macroscopic characteristics, aiding in proper identification and standardization of its medicinal usage. Phytochemical reviews reveal the existence of biologically active compounds such as mucilage, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, and phenolic acids, which play a role in its medicinal properties. Pharmacological studies confirm its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, supporting its traditional applications.