Functional and semantic properties of classifications of verbs in russian linguistics

The article studies the verbs, which include lexemes with the meaning “to speak”. The lexemes of the differential system can belong to one classification of semes. The results of the investigated presented verbs are shown and the categoricality of Russian verbs is significantly based. The verb of speech has the semantics of verbs, structurally meaning “to speak”. The overview of the concept of the content of verbs of speech in the presented article is based on the transformed view of A. Vezhbitskaya's theory with the use of the Natural Semantic Language (NSL). It is known that Vezhbitskaya uses a collection of elementary primitive meanings, which is assumed to be the same for all languages [2]. The presented significant primitives are used when defining the semantics of lexemes, but they themselves are not defined, they are taken significantly by elementary units, or by primary meanings-primitives, in terminology, they are structured by a “complex” semantic base. Most researchers studied the problem of visibility of verbs of speech on the basis of different languages, including Russian (works by Yu.D. Apresian, M.Ya. Glovinskaya, I.M. Kobozeva, E. V. Paducheva, etc.). But in this article, the description of the analysis is based on a theoretical concept that is associated with the work of Vezhbitskaya. When achieving the results of the presented work, not every significant primitive indicated by Vezhbitskaya is used, but only a certain amount. In addition, additional primitives and their classes are used. The main changes that are understood in the NSLare as follows: the primitives “causate” and “norm” are added to the significant primitives used by Vezhbitskaya, in addition, the classification of second-order predicates is introduced. Second-order predicates are predicates, held positions of the concept in correlation with first-order predicates. For example: “X sings well”, “X sings [is] good”.