A geographical study of socio-economic changes of ho tribes in odisha (a comparative study between their Homeland Badhatnabeda, Mayurbhanja, and Migrated tribal hamlet munda sahi in the Adaspur, Cuttack)

Tribe the indigenous people of Odisha were living a life full of cultural heritage, joy, and enjoyment but they had to face a challenging livelihood for survival. The “HO” is one of the major tribes in Odisha. They belong to Munda Family and are also addressed as Kolha. They are mainly concentered in the Mayurbhanj and Kenonjhar districts of Odisha.To improve their livelihood, they start migrating from their homeland to different regions. Migration is a form of movement in which people change their residential location across defined administrative boundaries for a variety of reasons. These migration flows can be permanent, semi-permanent, or seasonal. Seasonal or circular migrants have markedly different labor market experiences and integration challenges than permanent migrants. This study was to analyze the detailed geographical treatment of demographic characteristics, socio-cultural practices, literacy and educational pattern, occupational structure, and pattern of social change and development among the migrated tribe “Ho” in two different places. One is from Badhatnabeda, Mayurbhanj the homeland of the “Ho” tribe and another is Munda Sahi a hamlet of migrated tribes that resides near Udaynath Autonomous College of Science and Technology, Adaspur for more than 50 years.There is a huge gap in the Socioeconomic status of the Ho tribe in their place of origin and the place they are being migrated to for the betterment of their lifestyle. The tribe resides in their homeland at least they have minimum facilities, they have their culture, their tradition, in another word they have their identity whereas the tribe resides near the Udayanatha Autonomous college campus Adaspur doesn't have any identity.