Node Density based Energy Conservation in Information Gathering Wireless Sensor Networks

As energy availability is insufficient to meet the global requirements, it is highly desirable to employ energy conservation measures in every social system that consume large amount of energy. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of numerous number of nodes fitted with energy reserves to collect social information such as animal census and environmental monitoring. Density of nodes in clustered wireless sensor networks plays a vital role in determining the amount of energy consumed by the network. Higher density of nodes accumulated to a smaller area would result in cluster head being depleted of energy quickly. Similarly lower densities may lead to wasting of unused energy. In both the above cases, life-time of the wireless sensor network gets diminished alarmingly. In this work we put forward an efficient node density based cluster construction so that the energy expended by individual clusters are optimal and enhances overall network lifetime. Circular sensing region is sectored based on range of nodes to reach the base station. Density of nodes were computed for individual sectors by which if the density is high in the sense that there may be more number of unreachable nodes for the cluster head, then the sectors were further subdivided to make them optimally dense. This avoids the hot-spot problem in which information loss can be prevented and saves energy. We compared the energy consumption results of the proposed system Dynamic Unequal Clustered Routing (D-UCR) with other existing clustering protocols and found that this system conserves more energy thereby increases lifetime of the network.