Nutrient utilization of concentrate mixtures with varying levels of papaya (Carica papaya) pomace by native male buffaloes

Four isonitrogenous (20% CP) concentrate mixtures were formulated by incorporating papaya (Carica papaya) pomace at 0 (CM-1) 10 (CM-2), 20 (CM-3) and 30 (CM-4) per cent levels. The experimental rations CR-1 to CR-4 comprised 1.35 kg of the respective concentrate mixtures and 4.5 kg of rice straw, and were evaluated in a 4 x 4 latin square design experiment with four rumen fistulated native male buffaloes (280 ± 2.0 kg) to evaluate nutrient utilization, balances of N, Ca and P and rumen metabolic profiles. The average daily DM intake was in the range of 5345 to 5355 g per animal fed the experimental rations. Inclusion of papaya pomace at 10, 20 and 30% levels in the rations had no significant effect on digestibility of organic nutrients. All the animals were in positive balance for N, Ca and P. The inclusion level of papaya pomace in the rations had no significant effect on rumen pH; however, NH₃-N concentration in the rumen liquor of the buffaloes decreased (P<0.05) and TVFA concentration increased (P<0.05) with increase of papaya pomace inclusion in the rations. The DCP and TDN intake observed in the buffaloes fed on experimental rations indicated that they were adequate to meet the nutrient requirements for maintenance. It is concluded that papaya pomace can be included at 30% level in concentrate mixtures of buffaloes fed on rice straw based rations for maintenance without any adverse effects on nutrient utilization.