Effect of soil properties on availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in submerged and upland soil – A review

Soil properties are playing adominant role in nutrient transformation. In upland well aerated soil transformation of nutrients varies from those in submerged condition. The rate of nitrification is more in well aerated soils. Nitrate losses are common in submerged soils because of its higher mobility. Mineralization of nitrogen increases with increase in temperature from 15–35°C. Soil compaction increases the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR). Increasing nutrient content due to increase in bulk density owing to compaction makes more nutrients available per unit volume of soil. Regarding P, fixation is a major problem which affects its availability. The fixation of P in soil may be influenced by clay and exchangeable, extractable, amorphous and crystalline forms of Al and Fe.