Microbial Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Tolerance- A Review

Potential cellular mechanisms may be involved in the resistance and tolerance of microorganisms to excess concentrations of heavy metals in the environment. Generally, the strategy adopted by microorganisms aims to avoid the build up of excess metal levels, and thus to prevent the onset of toxicity symptoms. This is achieved by the use of various mechanisms that are present and likely to be employed in general metal homeostasis. It appears likely that specific mechanisms are employed for specific metals in particular species. Research carried out on this area is discussed in this review paper.