Advancements in Sugarcane Tissue Culture: A Review

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a vital crop with significant economic importance globally, primarily for its sugar and bioenergy production. Tissue culture techniques have emerged as valuable tools for sugarcane improvement, offering rapid multiplication, genetic transformation and germplasm conservation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in sugarcane tissue culture, focusing on protocol optimization, genetic transformation, somaclonal variation and their applications in sugarcane breeding programs. Various factors influencing the success of tissue culture protocols, such as explant selection, culture media composition, growth regulators and environmental conditions are discussed. Furthermore, the paper highlights the challenges and future prospects of sugarcane tissue culture, including the development of stress-tolerant cultivars, enhanced production of bioenergy and the integration of molecular techniques for precise trait manipulation.