Trypanosomiasis in Wild Animals of Tropical and Sub-tropical Region: A Review

Trypanosomiasis is a frequently reported disease in wild and domestic animals and it is a major cause of death in them. It has been detected in most wild species, including deer, elephants, capybaras, jaguars, tigers, lions and other species of domestic animals commonly known as surra in tropical and sub-tropical countries. It causes tremendous economic loss due to illness, decreased productivity, reduced weight gain, decreased milk yield and productivity and death in domestic and wild animals. Early detection and effective management strategies are crucial for controlling the spread of the disease and minimizing its impact on wildlife populations. By providing comprehensive information, such a review article can serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners working in the field of wildlife health and conservation. The data from several article related with trypanosomiasis in wild animals were collected between a period of 1971 to 2022. Out of several article dealing with trypanosmiasis in wild animals, seventy-five articles are included as references for the compilation of this review. The article selected for this review are dealing about various aspects of trypanosomiasis in wild animals. The academic research databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science direct etc besides google search engine was used for the selection of various article by using key words viz., trypanosomiasis, prevalence, wild animals, tropical trypanosomiasis, oxidative stress, anaemia, trypanocides etc. The article directly or indirectly related to wildlife trypanosomiasis were selected for this review. The prevalence of trypanosomiasis were reported in various species of wild animals viz., Tigers, Antelopes, Vampire birds, Deer, Shamber, Elephants etc. Transmission of trypanosomiasis to wild animals is comparatively easier in comparison to other animals as it may get infected either by biting flies or by ingesting infected flesh. Pathogenesis of trypanosomiasis in wild animals are mostly associated with cutaneous lesions, anaemia, emaciation, neuropathy, oxidative stressand lymphadenopathy.