Integrating Feed Efficiency and Waste Management for Climate-resilient Farming: A Review

Livestock production plays a pivotal role in global food security, providing essential protein and vitamins to billions of people. However, conventional intensive farming practices have come under scrutiny due to their significant environmental consequences. The role of cattle production in global warming is a complex and multifaceted issue, subject to ongoing scientific research and robust public discussion. The three primary environmental challenges associated with animal husbandry are land degradation, water pollution and the release of greenhouse gases (GHG). To ensure the sustainability of future food chains, a transition to more environmentally friendly practices is imperative. Reducing excess phosphorus and nitrogen is crucial for optimal animal health and environmental well-being. This review underscores the significance of dietary alterations as a key strategy to mitigate these issues. By optimizing nutrient utilization, lowering enteric methane (CH₄) emissions and minimizing waste excretion, dietary changes can contribute to a more sustainable cattle industry. Additionally, effective waste management is essential for reducing gaseous emissions.