Harnessing Microbial Properties of Natural Farming Components for Soil and Crop Health Improvement: A Review

Natural farming (NF) is an agricultural approach that avoids using chemicals and relies on livestock. It is designed to tackle both environmental and socio-economic issues in the agricultural sector. The foundation of natural farming rests on four key pillers: Beejamrit (seed treatment), Jivamrit (ensuring soil fertility), Aachhadan or Mulching (preventing water evaporation) and Whapasa (ensuring favourable microclimate). Various plant protection formulations like Neemastra, Brahmastra, Dashaparni, etc., are incorporated into NF practices to shield crops from harmful insects, larvae, sucking pests and diseases. Natural farming inputs like Jivamrit, Ghanajivamrit, etc. are generally prepared from cow dung, cow urine, uncontaminated soil, jaggery, pulse flour, etc. However, NF plant protection formulations such as Neemastra, Brahmastra, Dashaparni, etc. are generally prepared from cow dung, cow urine, specific tree leaves, etc. Numerous scientific studies reported that the NF inputs and formulations have contain beneficial microorganisms, amino acids and other substances that not only enhance plant growth but also provide protection against pests and pathogens that impact a wide range of economically significant crops. Therefore, integration of natural farming inputs not only supports the well-being of crops but also fosters a holistic and sustainable approach to agriculture, ensuring a prosperous future for both farmers and the environment.